Perilaku Pertukaran Amonium dan Produksi Tebu (<i>Saccharum officinarum</i> L.) yang Dipupuk Anorganik NPK dan Organik pada Pertanaman Tebu di Tanah Ultisol Gedung Meneng
Keywords:
pertukaran amonium, produksi tebu, pupuk organik dan anorganik
Abstract
Ketersediaan Nitrogen dalam bentuk amonium (NH4) untuk tanaman dapat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan kation lain seperti kation K, Ca, Mg dalam larutan tanah. Peningkatan produksi tanaman tidak terkecuali tanaman tebu memerlukan pemupupukan baik pupuk organik maupun pupuk anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari: (1) pengaruh pupuk anorganik dan pupuk organik terhadap produksi tanaman tebu, (2) perilaku pertukaran NH4+ dalam tanah yang diberi pupuk anorganik NPK dan pupuk organik pada pertanaman tebu, dan (3) korelasi parameter Q/I dengan N terangkut dan biomassa tebu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pemberian kombinasi pupuk anorganik dan pupuk organik (perlakuan C = 100% NPK + 50% organik) berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan biomassa, N terangkut dan C terangkut tanaman tebu tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan hanya pupuk anorganik (perlakuan A = 100% NPK). (2) Pemberian pupuk anorganik dan yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk organik (A, C, dan D) berpengaruh terhadap parameter Kuantitas-Intensitas (Q/I) NH4+ yaitu meningkatkan adsorpsi ammonium yang mudah dilepaskan (∆NH40) dan aktifitas rasio amoniun dalam keseimbangan (ARNH40) tetapi menurunkan kapasitas penyangga NH4+ (PBCNH4) dan koefisien selektivitas NH4+ (Kv) dibandingkan dengan pemberian hanya pupuk organik (B = 100% organik) dan tanpa pemupukan (E). (3) Serapan nitrogen dan biomassa tebu nyata berkorelasi positif dengan adsorpsi NH4+ yang mudah dilepaskan (∆NH40-non-spesific adsorbed), aktivitas rasio amoniun dalam keseimbangan dengan kation lain dalam larutan tanah (ARNH40 ) dan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), tetapi tidak nyata berkorelasi negatif dengan kapasitas penyangga NH4+ PBCNH4.
References
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[2] Subagyo, H. N. Suharta, and A. B. Siswanto, “Tanah-Tanah Pertanian di Indonesia,” in Sumber Daya Lahan Indonesia dan Pengelolaannya, Bogor: Pusat Penelitian Tanah dan Agroklimat, 2004, pp. 21–66.
[3] J. Lumbanraja, Kimia Tanah dan Air. Prinsip Dasar dan Lingkungan. Bandar Lampung: CV. Anugrah Utama Raharja, 2017.
[4] B. H. Prasetyo, and D. A. Suriadikarta, “Karakteristik, Potensi, dan Teknologi Pengelolaan Tanah Ultisol untuk Pengembangan Pertanian Lahan Kering di Indonesia,” J. Litbang Pertan., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 39–47, 2006.
[5] J. Lumbanraja, M. Utomo, and M. Zahir, “Perilaku Jerapan Kalium pada Tiga Sistem Olah Tanah Sawah dengan pemupukan Urea Prill dan Tablet,” J. Tanah Trop., vol. 5, pp. 29–38, 1997.
[6] M. Utomo, Sudarsono., B. Rusman., T. Sabrina., J. Lumbanraja., and Wawan, Ilmu Tanah Dasar-dasar dan Pengelolaan. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2016.
[7] F. L. Wang and A. K. Alva, “Ammonium Adsorption and Desorption in Sandy Soils,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 64, pp. 1669–1674, 2000.
[8] Y. Anvimelech and M. Laher, “Ammonium Volatilization from Soils:Equilibrium Considerations,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 41, pp. 1080–1084, 1977.
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[10] A. G. Ajiboye, J. O. Azeez, and A. J. Omotunde, “Potasssium Forms and Quantity- Intensity Relationship in some Wetland Soils of Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria,” Arch. Agro.and Soil Sci., vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 1393–1408, 2015.
[11] Z. Shengxiang, “Potassium Supplying Capacity and High Efficiency Use of Potassium Fertilizer in Upland Soils of Hunan Province,” Better Crop. Int., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 16–19, 1998.
[12] L. Lumbanraja and V. P. Evangelou, “Potassium Quantity-Intensity Relationships In The Presence And Absence Of NH4+ For Three Kentucky Subsoils,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 164, pp. 366–376, 1992.
[13] L. Lumbanraja and V. P. Evangelou, “Adsorption-Desorption Of Potassium And Ammonium At Low Consentrations In Three Kentucky Subsoils,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 157, pp. 269–278, 1994.
[14] U. Suwahyono, Petunjuk Praktis Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Secara Efektif dan Efisien. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya, 2011.
[15] H. Bohn, B. McNeal, and G. O’Connor, Soil Chemistry 2nd Edition. New York: Wiley- Interscience, 1985.
[16] V. P. Evangelou, Environmental Soil And Water Chemistry: Principle And Application. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
[17] J. Lumbanraja et al., “Phosphorus (P) Adsorption Behavior And Harvested P By The Sugarcane (Saccarum Officiarum L) Affected By Inorganic And Organic Fertilizer Application On An Ultisol,” J Trop Soils, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 35–45, 2018.
[18] P. H. T. Beckett, “Studies on Soil Potassium. II. The Immediate Q/I Relation of Labile Potassium in The Soil.,” J. Soil Sci., vol. 15, pp. 9–23, 1964.
[19] L. Lumbanraja and V. P. Evangelou, “Binary And Ternary Exchange Behavion Of Potassium Ans Ammonium On Kentuky Subsoils,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 54, pp. 698–705, 1990.
[20] W. L. Linsay, Chemical Equilibria in Soils. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1979.
[21] J. J. Wang, D. L. Harrell, and P. F. Bell, “Potassium Buffering Characteristics of Three Soils Low in Exchangeable Potassium,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 68, pp. 654–661, 2004.
[22] G. Sposito, “The Future Of An Illution: Ion Activities In Soil Solutions,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 56, pp. 531–536, 1984.
[23] V. P. Evangelou and A. D. Karathanasis, “Evaluation Of Potassium Quantity-Intensity Relationships By A Computer Model Employing The Gapon Equation,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 50, pp. 56–62, 1986.
[24] D. Calcino, G. Kongston, and M. Haysom., “‘Nutrient of the Plant’, Chapter 9,” in Hogarth, M., and P Allsopp (eds), Manual of Cane Growth, Bureau of Sugar Experlimental Stations, Australia: Indooroopilly.
[25] D. Setyorini and S. Abdulrachman, “Pengelolaan Hara Mineral Tanaman Padi,” Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian dan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, 2009.
[26] M. M. Sutedjo and A. G. Kartasapoetra, Pengantar Ilmu Tanah: Terbentuknya Tanah dan Tanah Pertanian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010.
[27] D. Nursyamsi and Suprihatin, “Sifat-sifat Kimia dan Mineralogi Tanah serta Kaitannya dengan Kebutuhan Pupuk untuk Padi (Oryza sativa), Jagung (Zea mays), dan Kedelai (Glycine max),” Bul. Agron, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 40–47, 2005.
[28] L. J.M., I. A. Ciampitti, E. Mariano, M. X. Vieira-Megda, and P. C. O. Trivelin, “Nutrient Partitioning and Stoichiometry in Unburnt Sugarcane Ratoon at Varying Yield Levels,” Front. Plant Sci., vol. 7, p. 466, 2016.
[29] A. A. Wijaya, “Uji Efektivitas Pupuk Organonitrofos Dan Kombinasinya Dengan Pupuk Anorganik Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Serapan Hara Dan Produksi Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus L.) Pada Musim Tanam Kedua Di Tanah Ultisol Gedung Meneng,” Universitas Lampung, 2014.
[30] A. T. Indria, “Pengaruh sistem pengolahan tanah dan pemberian macam bahan organik terhadap hasil kacang tanah (Arachis hypogeae L.),” Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2005.
[31] D. J. Anjani, “Uji Efektivitas Pupuk Organonitrofos dan Kombinasinya dengan Pupuk Anorganik pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculantum, Mill.) di Tanah Ultisol,” Universitas Lampung. Bandar Lampung, 2013.
[32] X. Cao, Q. Ma, L. Wu, L. Zhu, and Q. Jin, “Effect Of Ammonium Application Rate On Uptake Of Soil Adsorbed Amino Acids By Rice,” J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed Biotechnol), vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 294–302, 2016.
[33] A. Fauzi, “Analisa Kadar Unsur Hara Karbon Organik dan Nitrogen Di Dalam Tanah Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Bengkalis Bengkulu,” Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2008.
[34] S. A. Barber, Soil Nutrient Bioavailability: A Mechanistic Approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1984.
[35] R. T. Koenig and W. L. Pan, “Calcium Effect on Quantity-Intensity Relationship and Plant Availability of Ammonium,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 60, pp. 492–297, 1996.
[36] F. L. Wang and P. M. Huang, “Effects of organic Matter on the Rate of Potassium Adsorption by Soils,” Can. J. Soil Sci., vol. 81, pp. 325–330, 2001.
[37] G. Budiyanto, Reaksi Oksidasi-Reduksi Dalam Siklus Nitrogen. Diskusi Alumni Universitas Padjajaran. Yogyakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, 2015.
[38] J. Lumbanraja, M. Utomo, and Nasrun, “Pengaruh Sistem Olah Tanah dan Residu Batuan Fosfat terhadap Perilaku Jerapan Kalium pada Tanah Masam,” in Proc. Sem. Nas. Pengb. Wil. Lahan Kering, 1993, pp. 112–121.
Published
2019-07-22
Section
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